Colon cancer is typically a disease of older adults but can occur at any age. It starts as small groups of non-cancerous (benign) cells called polyps that form inside the colon. Early detection is important to prevent polyps from turning into cancer.
According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer can occur in the colon or rectum and is referred to as colon or rectal cancer, depending on its location. These cancers are often grouped because they share many common characteristics.
Polyps may not cause any symptoms, so doctors recommend regular screening tests to detect and remove polyps before they become cancer.
The signs and symptoms of colon cancer include:
- A persistent change in bowel habits, including diarrhea or constipation
- A change in the consistency of stool
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
- Persistent abdominal discomforts, such as cramps, gas, or pain
- Feeling that the intestine is not fully emptied
- Weakness or fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
If colon cancer is detected, various treatment options are available, including surgery, radiation therapy, and pharmacological treatments like chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
Risk factors for colon cancer include:
- Personal history of colorectal cancer or polyps
- Inflammatory bowel conditions
- Hereditary syndromes that increase the risk of colon cancer
- Family history of colon cancer
- Low-fiber, high-fat diet
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Previous radiation therapy for cancer
To reduce the risk of colon cancer, it is recommended to:
- Consume a diverse range of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Limit alcohol consumption to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men
- Quit smoking
- Exercise regularly for at least 30 minutes a day
- Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and physical activity
- Consult with a doctor before starting any lifestyle changes.
It is important to keep these factors in mind and change your lifestyle to help reduce the risk of colon cancer. Regular screening tests, such as colonoscopies, can also help detect the disease in its early stages when it is most treatable. If you experience any of the warning signs or have a family history of colon cancer, talk to your doctor about your options for screening and prevention. Taking care of your health can greatly reduce the risk of colon cancer and other diseases.